[
  {
    "slug": "new-york",
    "cityNameEng": "New York",
    "cityChinese": "纽约",
    "country": "USA",
    "tier": 1,
    "currencyCode": "USD",
    "base18CostUSD": 380000,
    "base18CostLocal": 380000,
    "uniBaseUSD": 160000,
    "inflationRate": 0,
    "housingShare": 0,
    "educationShare": 0,
    "healthcareShare": 0,
    "keySubsidies": [
      "Federal Child Tax Credit: Eligible families can claim up to $2,000/year per child under 17.",
      "New York State Empire State Child Credit: Provides additional state-level tax relief for low-to-moderate income families.",
      "3-K and Pre-K for All: NYC offers free public preschool for 3-4 year-olds (quality seats are competitive).",
      "WIC (Women, Infants, and Children): Free nutrition support for low-income expectant mothers and young children."
    ],
    "source": "Global KidCost Calculator modeled estimate",
    "datePublished": "2026-09-07",
    "license": "CC BY 4.0",
    "url": "https://kid.qodr.top/city-cost/new-york/"
  },
  {
    "slug": "london",
    "cityNameEng": "London",
    "cityChinese": "伦敦",
    "country": "UK",
    "tier": 1,
    "currencyCode": "GBP",
    "base18CostUSD": 270000,
    "base18CostLocal": 210600,
    "uniBaseUSD": 80000,
    "inflationRate": 0,
    "housingShare": 0,
    "educationShare": 0,
    "healthcareShare": 0,
    "keySubsidies": [
      "Child Benefit: ~£25.60/week for the eldest child, ~£16.95/week for each additional child (high-income families must partially repay).",
      "30 Hours Free Childcare: Eligible working parents of 3-4 year-olds receive 30 hours/week of free government childcare for 38 weeks/year.",
      "Tax-Free Childcare: For every £8 parents deposit, the government adds £2, up to £2,000/year per child.",
      "NHS Free Pediatric Dental & Vision: Children under 18 receive free NHS dental and vision services."
    ],
    "source": "Global KidCost Calculator modeled estimate",
    "datePublished": "2026-09-07",
    "license": "CC BY 4.0",
    "url": "https://kid.qodr.top/city-cost/london/"
  },
  {
    "slug": "tokyo",
    "cityNameEng": "Tokyo",
    "cityChinese": "东京",
    "country": "Japan",
    "tier": 1,
    "currencyCode": "JPY",
    "base18CostUSD": 180000,
    "base18CostLocal": 27900000,
    "uniBaseUSD": 50000,
    "inflationRate": 0,
    "housingShare": 0,
    "educationShare": 0,
    "healthcareShare": 0,
    "keySubsidies": [
      "Tokyo Child Allowance (Jido Teate): ¥15,000/month for under 3; ¥10,000/month for ages 3 to elementary school (¥15,000 for 3rd+ child); ¥10,000/month for middle school (income limits removed and amounts increased from late 2024).",
      "018 Support Program: Tokyo Metropolitan Government unconditionally provides ¥5,000/month to all children under 18.",
      "Free High School Tuition: From FY2024, Tokyo effectively waived tuition for all public and private high schools (minor restrictions apply, but cover most families).",
      "Free Pediatric Medical Care: Most Tokyo wards provide completely free medical care and prescriptions for children under 18."
    ],
    "source": "Global KidCost Calculator modeled estimate",
    "datePublished": "2026-09-07",
    "license": "CC BY 4.0",
    "url": "https://kid.qodr.top/city-cost/tokyo/"
  },
  {
    "slug": "shanghai",
    "cityNameEng": "Shanghai",
    "cityChinese": "上海",
    "country": "China",
    "tier": 1,
    "currencyCode": "CNY",
    "base18CostUSD": 200000,
    "base18CostLocal": 1440000,
    "uniBaseUSD": 25000,
    "inflationRate": 0,
    "housingShare": 0,
    "educationShare": 0,
    "healthcareShare": 0,
    "keySubsidies": [
      "Personal Income Tax Special Deductions: Childcare for under-3s and education expenses each qualify for ¥2,000/month tax-free allowance per child.",
      "Maternity Insurance: Shanghai provides maternity allowances and medical expense subsidies (including prenatal checkup and delivery reimbursement).",
      "Multi-Child Subsidies: Various cities are piloting one-time or monthly subsidies and mortgage interest discounts for families with 2-3 children."
    ],
    "source": "Global KidCost Calculator modeled estimate",
    "datePublished": "2026-09-07",
    "license": "CC BY 4.0",
    "url": "https://kid.qodr.top/city-cost/shanghai/"
  },
  {
    "slug": "singapore",
    "cityNameEng": "Singapore",
    "cityChinese": "新加坡",
    "country": "Singapore",
    "tier": 1,
    "currencyCode": "SGD",
    "base18CostUSD": 280000,
    "base18CostLocal": 375200,
    "uniBaseUSD": 75000,
    "inflationRate": 0,
    "housingShare": 0,
    "educationShare": 0,
    "healthcareShare": 0,
    "keySubsidies": [
      "Baby Bonus Cash Gift: S$11,000 for 1st and 2nd child, S$13,000 for 3rd child onwards, disbursed in installments until age 6.5.",
      "Child Development Account (CDA): Government provides dollar-for-dollar matching up to several thousand SGD, usable for childcare and medical expenses.",
      "Working Mother's Child Relief (WMCR): Tax relief to encourage mothers to return to the workforce.",
      "Childcare Subsidies: Singaporean citizen families can apply for basic childcare subsidies, with additional substantial subsidies for low-to-middle income families."
    ],
    "source": "Global KidCost Calculator modeled estimate",
    "datePublished": "2026-09-07",
    "license": "CC BY 4.0",
    "url": "https://kid.qodr.top/city-cost/singapore/"
  },
  {
    "slug": "sydney",
    "cityNameEng": "Sydney",
    "cityChinese": "悉尼",
    "country": "Australia",
    "tier": 1,
    "currencyCode": "AUD",
    "base18CostUSD": 230000,
    "base18CostLocal": 345000,
    "uniBaseUSD": 75000,
    "inflationRate": 0,
    "housingShare": 0,
    "educationShare": 0,
    "healthcareShare": 0,
    "keySubsidies": [
      "Child Care Subsidy: Income-tested, subsidizing up to 90% of childcare costs for low-to-middle income families (Australia abolished the universal baby bonus in 2014).",
      "Family Tax Benefit: Parts A and B, income-tested biweekly payments to support parenting costs.",
      "Paid Parental Leave: From 2025-26, eligible working parents can receive up to 20 weeks of paid leave at the national minimum wage.",
      "Medicare: All children receive free or low-cost public outpatient and hospital services."
    ],
    "source": "Global KidCost Calculator modeled estimate",
    "datePublished": "2026-09-07",
    "license": "CC BY 4.0",
    "url": "https://kid.qodr.top/city-cost/sydney/"
  },
  {
    "slug": "toronto",
    "cityNameEng": "Toronto",
    "cityChinese": "多伦多",
    "country": "Canada",
    "tier": 1,
    "currencyCode": "CAD",
    "base18CostUSD": 240000,
    "base18CostLocal": 326400,
    "uniBaseUSD": 80000,
    "inflationRate": 0,
    "housingShare": 0,
    "educationShare": 0,
    "healthcareShare": 0,
    "keySubsidies": [
      "Canada Child Benefit (CCB): Tax-free monthly payment; up to ~C$7,787/year for the first child under 6 (inflation-adjusted, income-tested).",
      "Canada-Wide Early Learning and Child Care (CWELCC): Progressively reducing licensed childcare fees to an average of C$10/day.",
      "Ontario Child Care Fee Subsidy: Additional provincial support for low-income families.",
      "OHIP: Children's medical and hospital care is free."
    ],
    "source": "Global KidCost Calculator modeled estimate",
    "datePublished": "2026-09-07",
    "license": "CC BY 4.0",
    "url": "https://kid.qodr.top/city-cost/toronto/"
  },
  {
    "slug": "dubai",
    "cityNameEng": "Dubai",
    "cityChinese": "迪拜",
    "country": "UAE",
    "tier": 1,
    "currencyCode": "AED",
    "base18CostUSD": 260000,
    "base18CostLocal": 954200,
    "uniBaseUSD": 60000,
    "inflationRate": 0,
    "housingShare": 0,
    "educationShare": 0,
    "healthcareShare": 0,
    "keySubsidies": [
      "Statutory Maternity Leave: UAE labor law provides 60 days paid maternity leave (45 days full pay + 15 days half pay) — a legal benefit rather than a cash parenting subsidy.",
      "Employer Education & Housing Allowances: Commonly included in expat compensation packages, typically covering partial tuition and rent.",
      "D33 Economic Agenda: Dubai's plan to reduce living costs and expand school capacity, gradually easing family expenses.",
      "Note: Direct monthly child cash allowances (e.g. UAE social assistance) are primarily for Emirati citizens, not expat residents."
    ],
    "source": "Global KidCost Calculator modeled estimate",
    "datePublished": "2026-09-07",
    "license": "CC BY 4.0",
    "url": "https://kid.qodr.top/city-cost/dubai/"
  },
  {
    "slug": "hong-kong",
    "cityNameEng": "Hong Kong",
    "cityChinese": "香港",
    "country": "China",
    "tier": 1,
    "currencyCode": "HKD",
    "base18CostUSD": 260000,
    "base18CostLocal": 2028000,
    "uniBaseUSD": 50000,
    "inflationRate": 0,
    "housingShare": 0,
    "educationShare": 0,
    "healthcareShare": 0,
    "keySubsidies": [
      "Child Allowance: HK$130,000 deduction per child for the 2024-25 tax year.",
      "Newborn Baby Bonus: A one-time HK$20,000 for each baby born on or after October 25, 2023.",
      "Kindergarten Fee Remission & Subsidies: Income-tested schemes covering kindergarten tuition and providing allowances to low-income families.",
      "Public Healthcare: Heavily subsidized; pediatric care at public hospitals is very affordable for all residents."
    ],
    "source": "Global KidCost Calculator modeled estimate",
    "datePublished": "2026-09-07",
    "license": "CC BY 4.0",
    "url": "https://kid.qodr.top/city-cost/hong-kong/"
  },
  {
    "slug": "seoul",
    "cityNameEng": "Seoul",
    "cityChinese": "首尔",
    "country": "South Korea",
    "tier": 1,
    "currencyCode": "KRW",
    "base18CostUSD": 220000,
    "base18CostLocal": 303600000,
    "uniBaseUSD": 35000,
    "inflationRate": 0,
    "housingShare": 0,
    "educationShare": 0,
    "healthcareShare": 0,
    "keySubsidies": [
      "Child Allowance (Adong Sudang): ~₩100,000/month per child aged 0-8 (gradually extending to ~12-13 by 2030), universal regardless of income.",
      "First Meeting Voucher (Cheot-mannamiyonggwon): A one-time voucher of ~₩2-3 million for each newborn.",
      "Free Public Healthcare: Children covered by National Health Insurance (NHI) with low out-of-pocket costs.",
      "Free Public High School Tuition: Seoul public high schools are tuition-free."
    ],
    "source": "Global KidCost Calculator modeled estimate",
    "datePublished": "2026-09-07",
    "license": "CC BY 4.0",
    "url": "https://kid.qodr.top/city-cost/seoul/"
  },
  {
    "slug": "los-angeles",
    "cityNameEng": "Los Angeles",
    "cityChinese": "洛杉矶",
    "country": "USA",
    "countryCode": "us",
    "tier": 2,
    "currencyCode": "USD",
    "base18CostUSD": 320000,
    "base18CostLocal": 320000,
    "uniBaseUSD": 120000,
    "inflationRate": 3.2,
    "housingShare": 0.28,
    "educationShare": 0.16,
    "healthcareShare": 0.13,
    "keySubsidies": [
      "California Earned Income Tax Credit (CalEITC)",
      "California Child and Dependent Care Expenses Credit",
      "Free transitional kindergarten (TK) for 4-year-olds"
    ],
    "source": "Global KidCost Calculator modeled estimate",
    "datePublished": "2026-09-07",
    "license": "CC BY 4.0",
    "url": "https://kid.qodr.top/city-cost/los-angeles/"
  },
  {
    "slug": "san-francisco",
    "cityNameEng": "San Francisco",
    "cityChinese": "旧金山",
    "country": "USA",
    "countryCode": "us",
    "tier": 2,
    "currencyCode": "USD",
    "base18CostUSD": 380000,
    "base18CostLocal": 380000,
    "uniBaseUSD": 140000,
    "inflationRate": 3.5,
    "housingShare": 0.32,
    "educationShare": 0.15,
    "healthcareShare": 0.12,
    "keySubsidies": [
      "SF Healthy Kids: free health coverage for children regardless of immigration status",
      "California CalEITC",
      "Free universal TK"
    ],
    "source": "Global KidCost Calculator modeled estimate",
    "datePublished": "2026-09-07",
    "license": "CC BY 4.0",
    "url": "https://kid.qodr.top/city-cost/san-francisco/"
  },
  {
    "slug": "chicago",
    "cityNameEng": "Chicago",
    "cityChinese": "芝加哥",
    "country": "USA",
    "countryCode": "us",
    "tier": 2,
    "currencyCode": "USD",
    "base18CostUSD": 280000,
    "base18CostLocal": 280000,
    "uniBaseUSD": 110000,
    "inflationRate": 3,
    "housingShare": 0.25,
    "educationShare": 0.17,
    "healthcareShare": 0.14,
    "keySubsidies": [
      "Illinois Earned Income Credit (20% of federal EITC)",
      "All Kids: comprehensive health insurance for children",
      "Chicago Early Learning: free pre-K for 4-year-olds"
    ],
    "source": "Global KidCost Calculator modeled estimate",
    "datePublished": "2026-09-07",
    "license": "CC BY 4.0",
    "url": "https://kid.qodr.top/city-cost/chicago/"
  },
  {
    "slug": "boston",
    "cityNameEng": "Boston",
    "cityChinese": "波士顿",
    "country": "USA",
    "countryCode": "us",
    "tier": 2,
    "currencyCode": "USD",
    "base18CostUSD": 340000,
    "base18CostLocal": 340000,
    "uniBaseUSD": 160000,
    "inflationRate": 3.1,
    "housingShare": 0.3,
    "educationShare": 0.16,
    "healthcareShare": 0.12,
    "keySubsidies": [
      "Massachusetts universal health coverage (ConnectorCare)",
      "Massachusetts Child Care Subsidy (income-based)",
      "Free universal pre-K expansion"
    ],
    "source": "Global KidCost Calculator modeled estimate",
    "datePublished": "2026-09-07",
    "license": "CC BY 4.0",
    "url": "https://kid.qodr.top/city-cost/boston/"
  },
  {
    "slug": "seattle",
    "cityNameEng": "Seattle",
    "cityChinese": "西雅图",
    "country": "USA",
    "countryCode": "us",
    "tier": 2,
    "currencyCode": "USD",
    "base18CostUSD": 310000,
    "base18CostLocal": 310000,
    "uniBaseUSD": 120000,
    "inflationRate": 3.3,
    "housingShare": 0.29,
    "educationShare": 0.15,
    "healthcareShare": 0.13,
    "keySubsidies": [
      "Washington Working Families Tax Credit",
      "Apple Health (Medicaid) for children",
      "Seattle Preschool Program: free/sliding-scale pre-K"
    ],
    "source": "Global KidCost Calculator modeled estimate",
    "datePublished": "2026-09-07",
    "license": "CC BY 4.0",
    "url": "https://kid.qodr.top/city-cost/seattle/"
  },
  {
    "slug": "washington-dc",
    "cityNameEng": "Washington DC",
    "cityChinese": "华盛顿",
    "country": "USA",
    "countryCode": "us",
    "tier": 2,
    "currencyCode": "USD",
    "base18CostUSD": 330000,
    "base18CostLocal": 330000,
    "uniBaseUSD": 130000,
    "inflationRate": 3,
    "housingShare": 0.28,
    "educationShare": 0.18,
    "healthcareShare": 0.12,
    "keySubsidies": [
      "DC Universal Pre-K: free pre-K for 3- and 4-year-olds",
      "DC Health Care Alliance",
      "Federal Child Tax Credit ($2,000/child)"
    ],
    "source": "Global KidCost Calculator modeled estimate",
    "datePublished": "2026-09-07",
    "license": "CC BY 4.0",
    "url": "https://kid.qodr.top/city-cost/washington-dc/"
  },
  {
    "slug": "manchester",
    "cityNameEng": "Manchester",
    "cityChinese": "曼彻斯特",
    "country": "UK",
    "countryCode": "gb",
    "tier": 2,
    "currencyCode": "GBP",
    "base18CostUSD": 210000,
    "base18CostLocal": 163800,
    "uniBaseUSD": 50000,
    "inflationRate": 2.8,
    "housingShare": 0.25,
    "educationShare": 0.16,
    "healthcareShare": 0.06,
    "keySubsidies": [
      "Child Benefit: £25.60/week (eldest) + £16.95 (additional)",
      "30 Hours Free Childcare (3-4 yrs, working parents)",
      "Tax-Free Childcare: £2 govt per £8 parent (up to £2,000/child/year)",
      "NHS: free healthcare for under-18s"
    ],
    "source": "Global KidCost Calculator modeled estimate",
    "datePublished": "2026-09-07",
    "license": "CC BY 4.0",
    "url": "https://kid.qodr.top/city-cost/manchester/"
  },
  {
    "slug": "edinburgh",
    "cityNameEng": "Edinburgh",
    "cityChinese": "爱丁堡",
    "country": "UK",
    "countryCode": "gb",
    "tier": 2,
    "currencyCode": "GBP",
    "base18CostUSD": 220000,
    "base18CostLocal": 171600,
    "uniBaseUSD": 45000,
    "inflationRate": 2.9,
    "housingShare": 0.26,
    "educationShare": 0.15,
    "healthcareShare": 0.06,
    "keySubsidies": [
      "Scottish Child Payment: £26.70/week per child under 16",
      "Best Start Grant: one-off payments at key stages",
      "Free university tuition for Scottish residents",
      "NHS Scotland: free healthcare for under-18s"
    ],
    "source": "Global KidCost Calculator modeled estimate",
    "datePublished": "2026-09-07",
    "license": "CC BY 4.0",
    "url": "https://kid.qodr.top/city-cost/edinburgh/"
  },
  {
    "slug": "osaka",
    "cityNameEng": "Osaka",
    "cityChinese": "大阪",
    "country": "Japan",
    "countryCode": "jp",
    "tier": 2,
    "currencyCode": "JPY",
    "base18CostUSD": 170000,
    "base18CostLocal": 26350000,
    "uniBaseUSD": 45000,
    "inflationRate": 2.1,
    "housingShare": 0.28,
    "educationShare": 0.2,
    "healthcareShare": 0.07,
    "keySubsidies": [
      "児童手当 (Child Allowance): ¥15,000/month under 3, ¥10,000/month after",
      "Osaka prefectural high-school tuition support",
      "Free child medical care (under-15)"
    ],
    "source": "Global KidCost Calculator modeled estimate",
    "datePublished": "2026-09-07",
    "license": "CC BY 4.0",
    "url": "https://kid.qodr.top/city-cost/osaka/"
  },
  {
    "slug": "beijing",
    "cityNameEng": "Beijing",
    "cityChinese": "北京",
    "country": "China",
    "countryCode": "cn",
    "tier": 2,
    "currencyCode": "CNY",
    "base18CostUSD": 210000,
    "base18CostLocal": 1512000,
    "uniBaseUSD": 20000,
    "inflationRate": 2.5,
    "housingShare": 0.32,
    "educationShare": 0.22,
    "healthcareShare": 0.07,
    "keySubsidies": [
      "Individual income tax: ¥2,000/month per child deduction",
      "Maternity insurance: childbirth allowance",
      "Beijing multi-child housing fund loan preference (higher quota)"
    ],
    "source": "Global KidCost Calculator modeled estimate",
    "datePublished": "2026-09-07",
    "license": "CC BY 4.0",
    "url": "https://kid.qodr.top/city-cost/beijing/"
  },
  {
    "slug": "shenzhen",
    "cityNameEng": "Shenzhen",
    "cityChinese": "深圳",
    "country": "China",
    "countryCode": "cn",
    "tier": 2,
    "currencyCode": "CNY",
    "base18CostUSD": 195000,
    "base18CostLocal": 1404000,
    "uniBaseUSD": 18000,
    "inflationRate": 2.3,
    "housingShare": 0.3,
    "educationShare": 0.21,
    "healthcareShare": 0.07,
    "keySubsidies": [
      "Shenzhen childbirth subsidy: one-time payment for 2nd/3rd child",
      "Individual income tax: ¥2,000/month per child deduction",
      "Shenzhen children's medical insurance (affordable)"
    ],
    "source": "Global KidCost Calculator modeled estimate",
    "datePublished": "2026-09-07",
    "license": "CC BY 4.0",
    "url": "https://kid.qodr.top/city-cost/shenzhen/"
  },
  {
    "slug": "guangzhou",
    "cityNameEng": "Guangzhou",
    "cityChinese": "广州",
    "country": "China",
    "countryCode": "cn",
    "tier": 2,
    "currencyCode": "CNY",
    "base18CostUSD": 175000,
    "base18CostLocal": 1260000,
    "uniBaseUSD": 16000,
    "inflationRate": 2.2,
    "housingShare": 0.28,
    "educationShare": 0.2,
    "healthcareShare": 0.08,
    "keySubsidies": [
      "Guangzhou child welfare benefits",
      "Tax deduction: ¥2,000/month per child",
      "Maternity insurance coverage"
    ],
    "source": "Global KidCost Calculator modeled estimate",
    "datePublished": "2026-09-07",
    "license": "CC BY 4.0",
    "url": "https://kid.qodr.top/city-cost/guangzhou/"
  },
  {
    "slug": "chengdu",
    "cityNameEng": "Chengdu",
    "cityChinese": "成都",
    "country": "China",
    "countryCode": "cn",
    "tier": 2,
    "currencyCode": "CNY",
    "base18CostUSD": 150000,
    "base18CostLocal": 1080000,
    "uniBaseUSD": 15000,
    "inflationRate": 2,
    "housingShare": 0.26,
    "educationShare": 0.19,
    "healthcareShare": 0.08,
    "keySubsidies": [
      "Chengdu multi-child subsidies (district-dependent)",
      "Tax deduction: ¥2,000/month per child",
      "Sichuan maternity insurance"
    ],
    "source": "Global KidCost Calculator modeled estimate",
    "datePublished": "2026-09-07",
    "license": "CC BY 4.0",
    "url": "https://kid.qodr.top/city-cost/chengdu/"
  },
  {
    "slug": "berlin",
    "cityNameEng": "Berlin",
    "cityChinese": "柏林",
    "country": "Germany",
    "countryCode": "de",
    "tier": 2,
    "currencyCode": "EUR",
    "base18CostUSD": 220000,
    "base18CostLocal": 202400,
    "uniBaseUSD": 12000,
    "inflationRate": 2.4,
    "housingShare": 0.25,
    "educationShare": 0.12,
    "healthcareShare": 0.07,
    "keySubsidies": [
      "Kindergeld: €250/month per child (universal, no income limit)",
      "Elterngeld (parental allowance): up to €1,800/month for 12-14 months",
      "Free public university tuition",
      "Kita (daycare) contribution capped by Berlin state"
    ],
    "source": "Global KidCost Calculator modeled estimate",
    "datePublished": "2026-09-07",
    "license": "CC BY 4.0",
    "url": "https://kid.qodr.top/city-cost/berlin/"
  },
  {
    "slug": "munich",
    "cityNameEng": "Munich",
    "cityChinese": "慕尼黑",
    "country": "Germany",
    "countryCode": "de",
    "tier": 2,
    "currencyCode": "EUR",
    "base18CostUSD": 250000,
    "base18CostLocal": 230000,
    "uniBaseUSD": 12000,
    "inflationRate": 2.6,
    "housingShare": 0.28,
    "educationShare": 0.11,
    "healthcareShare": 0.07,
    "keySubsidies": [
      "Kindergeld: €250/month per child",
      "Elterngeld: up to €1,800/month",
      "Free university tuition",
      "Bavarian child allowance supplements"
    ],
    "source": "Global KidCost Calculator modeled estimate",
    "datePublished": "2026-09-07",
    "license": "CC BY 4.0",
    "url": "https://kid.qodr.top/city-cost/munich/"
  },
  {
    "slug": "paris",
    "cityNameEng": "Paris",
    "cityChinese": "巴黎",
    "country": "France",
    "countryCode": "fr",
    "tier": 2,
    "currencyCode": "EUR",
    "base18CostUSD": 240000,
    "base18CostLocal": 220800,
    "uniBaseUSD": 12000,
    "inflationRate": 2.5,
    "housingShare": 0.28,
    "educationShare": 0.12,
    "healthcareShare": 0.06,
    "keySubsidies": [
      "Allocation de rentrée scolaire (back-to-school allowance)",
      "Paje (early childhood benefit): birth grant + shared child-rearing benefit",
      "Free public school + €4/day capped childcare (CMG)",
      "Free university tuition (€175/year for public universities)"
    ],
    "source": "Global KidCost Calculator modeled estimate",
    "datePublished": "2026-09-07",
    "license": "CC BY 4.0",
    "url": "https://kid.qodr.top/city-cost/paris/"
  },
  {
    "slug": "amsterdam",
    "cityNameEng": "Amsterdam",
    "cityChinese": "阿姆斯特丹",
    "country": "Netherlands",
    "countryCode": "nl",
    "tier": 2,
    "currencyCode": "EUR",
    "base18CostUSD": 240000,
    "base18CostLocal": 220800,
    "uniBaseUSD": 14000,
    "inflationRate": 2.7,
    "housingShare": 0.27,
    "educationShare": 0.12,
    "healthcareShare": 0.07,
    "keySubsidies": [
      "Kinderopvangtoeslag (childcare allowance): covers up to 90% of daycare costs",
      "Kindgebonden budget (child budget): income-dependent monthly payment",
      "Free public education (age 5-16)",
      "Student grant (DUO) for university"
    ],
    "source": "Global KidCost Calculator modeled estimate",
    "datePublished": "2026-09-07",
    "license": "CC BY 4.0",
    "url": "https://kid.qodr.top/city-cost/amsterdam/"
  },
  {
    "slug": "zurich",
    "cityNameEng": "Zurich",
    "cityChinese": "苏黎世",
    "country": "Switzerland",
    "countryCode": "ch",
    "tier": 2,
    "currencyCode": "CHF",
    "base18CostUSD": 300000,
    "base18CostLocal": 264000,
    "uniBaseUSD": 20000,
    "inflationRate": 1.5,
    "housingShare": 0.27,
    "educationShare": 0.12,
    "healthcareShare": 0.08,
    "keySubsidies": [
      "Kinderzulage (child allowance): CHF 200-400/month (canton-dependent)",
      "Free public education including university (CHF 500-1,500/semester)",
      "Health insurance premium subsidies (income-based)",
      "Maternity leave: 14 weeks at 80% pay"
    ],
    "source": "Global KidCost Calculator modeled estimate",
    "datePublished": "2026-09-07",
    "license": "CC BY 4.0",
    "url": "https://kid.qodr.top/city-cost/zurich/"
  },
  {
    "slug": "stockholm",
    "cityNameEng": "Stockholm",
    "cityChinese": "斯德哥尔摩",
    "country": "Sweden",
    "countryCode": "se",
    "tier": 2,
    "currencyCode": "SEK",
    "base18CostUSD": 230000,
    "base18CostLocal": 2415000,
    "uniBaseUSD": 15000,
    "inflationRate": 2,
    "housingShare": 0.26,
    "educationShare": 0.11,
    "healthcareShare": 0.06,
    "keySubsidies": [
      "Barnbidrag (child allowance): SEK 1,250/month per child (universal)",
      "Föräldrapenning (parental leave): 480 days at ~80% pay",
      "Maxtaxa: capped childcare fee (max SEK 1,578/month)",
      "Free public education including university (no tuition for EU/EEA students)"
    ],
    "source": "Global KidCost Calculator modeled estimate",
    "datePublished": "2026-09-07",
    "license": "CC BY 4.0",
    "url": "https://kid.qodr.top/city-cost/stockholm/"
  },
  {
    "slug": "rome",
    "cityNameEng": "Rome",
    "cityChinese": "罗马",
    "country": "Italy",
    "countryCode": "it",
    "tier": 2,
    "currencyCode": "EUR",
    "base18CostUSD": 200000,
    "base18CostLocal": 184000,
    "uniBaseUSD": 12000,
    "inflationRate": 1.9,
    "housingShare": 0.24,
    "educationShare": 0.14,
    "healthcareShare": 0.06,
    "keySubsidies": [
      "Assegno Unico Universale (universal child allowance): €50-€175/month per child under 21",
      "Free public education (age 6-19)",
      "Nursery (nido) bonus: up to €3,000/year",
      "Regional family bonus (Lazio)"
    ],
    "source": "Global KidCost Calculator modeled estimate",
    "datePublished": "2026-09-07",
    "license": "CC BY 4.0",
    "url": "https://kid.qodr.top/city-cost/rome/"
  },
  {
    "slug": "milan",
    "cityNameEng": "Milan",
    "cityChinese": "米兰",
    "country": "Italy",
    "countryCode": "it",
    "tier": 2,
    "currencyCode": "EUR",
    "base18CostUSD": 220000,
    "base18CostLocal": 202400,
    "uniBaseUSD": 14000,
    "inflationRate": 2,
    "housingShare": 0.26,
    "educationShare": 0.13,
    "healthcareShare": 0.06,
    "keySubsidies": [
      "Assegno Unico Universale: €50-€175/month per child",
      "Free public education",
      "Lombardy region family bonus",
      "Nursery bonus: up to €3,000/year"
    ],
    "source": "Global KidCost Calculator modeled estimate",
    "datePublished": "2026-09-07",
    "license": "CC BY 4.0",
    "url": "https://kid.qodr.top/city-cost/milan/"
  },
  {
    "slug": "madrid",
    "cityNameEng": "Madrid",
    "cityChinese": "马德里",
    "country": "Spain",
    "countryCode": "es",
    "tier": 2,
    "currencyCode": "EUR",
    "base18CostUSD": 190000,
    "base18CostLocal": 174800,
    "uniBaseUSD": 10000,
    "inflationRate": 2.8,
    "housingShare": 0.24,
    "educationShare": 0.14,
    "healthcareShare": 0.06,
    "keySubsidies": [
      "Beca comedor (school meal grant)",
      "Free public education (age 3-16)",
      "Child deduction on personal income tax",
      "Regional family aid (Madrid Community)"
    ],
    "source": "Global KidCost Calculator modeled estimate",
    "datePublished": "2026-09-07",
    "license": "CC BY 4.0",
    "url": "https://kid.qodr.top/city-cost/madrid/"
  },
  {
    "slug": "barcelona",
    "cityNameEng": "Barcelona",
    "cityChinese": "巴塞罗那",
    "country": "Spain",
    "countryCode": "es",
    "tier": 2,
    "currencyCode": "EUR",
    "base18CostUSD": 195000,
    "base18CostLocal": 179400,
    "uniBaseUSD": 11000,
    "inflationRate": 2.9,
    "housingShare": 0.25,
    "educationShare": 0.14,
    "healthcareShare": 0.06,
    "keySubsidies": [
      "Catalonia child benefit (rendiment de garantia d'ingressos)",
      "Free public education (age 3-16)",
      "School meal grants",
      "Catalonia multi-child family card"
    ],
    "source": "Global KidCost Calculator modeled estimate",
    "datePublished": "2026-09-07",
    "license": "CC BY 4.0",
    "url": "https://kid.qodr.top/city-cost/barcelona/"
  },
  {
    "slug": "melbourne",
    "cityNameEng": "Melbourne",
    "cityChinese": "墨尔本",
    "country": "Australia",
    "countryCode": "au",
    "tier": 2,
    "currencyCode": "AUD",
    "base18CostUSD": 225000,
    "base18CostLocal": 337500,
    "uniBaseUSD": 70000,
    "inflationRate": 3.1,
    "housingShare": 0.27,
    "educationShare": 0.15,
    "healthcareShare": 0.07,
    "keySubsidies": [
      "Child Care Subsidy: up to 90% of childcare fees (means-tested)",
      "Family Tax Benefit Parts A & B",
      "Medicare: free public healthcare for children",
      "Free public education (voluntary contributions only)"
    ],
    "source": "Global KidCost Calculator modeled estimate",
    "datePublished": "2026-09-07",
    "license": "CC BY 4.0",
    "url": "https://kid.qodr.top/city-cost/melbourne/"
  },
  {
    "slug": "vancouver",
    "cityNameEng": "Vancouver",
    "cityChinese": "温哥华",
    "country": "Canada",
    "countryCode": "ca",
    "tier": 2,
    "currencyCode": "CAD",
    "base18CostUSD": 250000,
    "base18CostLocal": 340000,
    "uniBaseUSD": 80000,
    "inflationRate": 2.9,
    "housingShare": 0.3,
    "educationShare": 0.14,
    "healthcareShare": 0.07,
    "keySubsidies": [
      "Canada Child Benefit: up to C$7,437/year per child (income-tested)",
      "BC Family Benefit: up to C$2,188/year",
      "Free public education (K-12)",
      "MSP: free healthcare for children (BC)"
    ],
    "source": "Global KidCost Calculator modeled estimate",
    "datePublished": "2026-09-07",
    "license": "CC BY 4.0",
    "url": "https://kid.qodr.top/city-cost/vancouver/"
  },
  {
    "slug": "busan",
    "cityNameEng": "Busan",
    "cityChinese": "釜山",
    "country": "South Korea",
    "countryCode": "kr",
    "tier": 2,
    "currencyCode": "KRW",
    "base18CostUSD": 180000,
    "base18CostLocal": 248400000,
    "uniBaseUSD": 30000,
    "inflationRate": 2.5,
    "housingShare": 0.28,
    "educationShare": 0.21,
    "healthcareShare": 0.07,
    "keySubsidies": [
      "아동수당 (Child Allowance): ₩100,000/month per child under 8",
      "부모급여 (Parent Pay): ₩1M-₩2M/month for infants",
      "Free public education (age 6-15)",
      "National Health Insurance: subsidized pediatric care"
    ],
    "source": "Global KidCost Calculator modeled estimate",
    "datePublished": "2026-09-07",
    "license": "CC BY 4.0",
    "url": "https://kid.qodr.top/city-cost/busan/"
  },
  {
    "slug": "abu-dhabi",
    "cityNameEng": "Abu Dhabi",
    "cityChinese": "阿布扎比",
    "country": "UAE",
    "countryCode": "ae",
    "tier": 2,
    "currencyCode": "AED",
    "base18CostUSD": 270000,
    "base18CostLocal": 990900,
    "uniBaseUSD": 65000,
    "inflationRate": 2.3,
    "housingShare": 0.3,
    "educationShare": 0.2,
    "healthcareShare": 0.08,
    "keySubsidies": [
      "Marriage Fund grant for UAE nationals",
      "Guardian's Allowance for UAE national families",
      "Free public education for UAE nationals",
      "Daman health insurance (mandatory employer coverage)"
    ],
    "source": "Global KidCost Calculator modeled estimate",
    "datePublished": "2026-09-07",
    "license": "CC BY 4.0",
    "url": "https://kid.qodr.top/city-cost/abu-dhabi/"
  },
  {
    "slug": "hong-kong",
    "cityNameEng": "Hong Kong",
    "cityChinese": "香港",
    "country": "Hong Kong SAR",
    "countryCode": "hk",
    "tier": 2,
    "currencyCode": "HKD",
    "base18CostUSD": 260000,
    "base18CostLocal": 2028000,
    "uniBaseUSD": 60000,
    "inflationRate": 2.5,
    "housingShare": 0.35,
    "educationShare": 0.18,
    "healthcareShare": 0.06,
    "keySubsidies": [
      "合資格兒童現金津貼 (Child Cash Allowance pilot)",
      "Kindergarten education scheme (free half-day K1-K3)",
      "Free public education (12 years)",
      "Student Finance Scheme (income-tested)"
    ],
    "source": "Global KidCost Calculator modeled estimate",
    "datePublished": "2026-09-07",
    "license": "CC BY 4.0",
    "url": "https://kid.qodr.top/city-cost/hong-kong/"
  },
  {
    "slug": "bangkok",
    "cityNameEng": "Bangkok",
    "cityChinese": "曼谷",
    "country": "Thailand",
    "countryCode": "th",
    "tier": 2,
    "currencyCode": "THB",
    "base18CostUSD": 90000,
    "base18CostLocal": 3285000,
    "uniBaseUSD": 15000,
    "inflationRate": 1.5,
    "housingShare": 0.2,
    "educationShare": 0.18,
    "healthcareShare": 0.08,
    "keySubsidies": [
      "เงินอุดหนุนเด็กแรกเกิด (Newborn subsidy): ฿600/month for first 3 years",
      "Free public education (15 years)",
      "National Health Security: free healthcare for children",
      "Child support grant for low-income families"
    ],
    "source": "Global KidCost Calculator modeled estimate",
    "datePublished": "2026-09-07",
    "license": "CC BY 4.0",
    "url": "https://kid.qodr.top/city-cost/bangkok/"
  },
  {
    "slug": "mumbai",
    "cityNameEng": "Mumbai",
    "cityChinese": "孟买",
    "country": "India",
    "countryCode": "in",
    "tier": 2,
    "currencyCode": "INR",
    "base18CostUSD": 80000,
    "base18CostLocal": 6680000,
    "uniBaseUSD": 10000,
    "inflationRate": 4.5,
    "housingShare": 0.22,
    "educationShare": 0.2,
    "healthcareShare": 0.08,
    "keySubsidies": [
      "PM Matru Vandana Yojana: ₹5,000 cash benefit for first child",
      "Free public education (Right to Education Act, age 6-14)",
      "Janani Suraksha Yojana: maternity benefit",
      "Ayushman Bharat: health coverage up to ₹5 lakh/year"
    ],
    "source": "Global KidCost Calculator modeled estimate",
    "datePublished": "2026-09-07",
    "license": "CC BY 4.0",
    "url": "https://kid.qodr.top/city-cost/mumbai/"
  },
  {
    "slug": "new-delhi",
    "cityNameEng": "New Delhi",
    "cityChinese": "新德里",
    "country": "India",
    "countryCode": "in",
    "tier": 2,
    "currencyCode": "INR",
    "base18CostUSD": 75000,
    "base18CostLocal": 6262500,
    "uniBaseUSD": 10000,
    "inflationRate": 4.2,
    "housingShare": 0.2,
    "educationShare": 0.19,
    "healthcareShare": 0.08,
    "keySubsidies": [
      "PM Matru Vandana Yojana: ₹5,000 for first child",
      "Free public education (RTE Act)",
      "Ladli Scheme (Delhi): financial support for girl child",
      "Ayushman Bharat health coverage"
    ],
    "source": "Global KidCost Calculator modeled estimate",
    "datePublished": "2026-09-07",
    "license": "CC BY 4.0",
    "url": "https://kid.qodr.top/city-cost/new-delhi/"
  },
  {
    "slug": "rio-de-janeiro",
    "cityNameEng": "Rio de Janeiro",
    "cityChinese": "里约热内卢",
    "country": "Brazil",
    "countryCode": "br",
    "tier": 2,
    "currencyCode": "BRL",
    "base18CostUSD": 100000,
    "base18CostLocal": 550000,
    "uniBaseUSD": 18000,
    "inflationRate": 4.1,
    "housingShare": 0.22,
    "educationShare": 0.18,
    "healthcareShare": 0.08,
    "keySubsidies": [
      "Bolsa Família: up to R$225/month per child (conditional cash transfer)",
      "Salário-Família: employer-paid benefit for low-income workers with children",
      "Free public education",
      "SUS: free universal healthcare"
    ],
    "source": "Global KidCost Calculator modeled estimate",
    "datePublished": "2026-09-07",
    "license": "CC BY 4.0",
    "url": "https://kid.qodr.top/city-cost/rio-de-janeiro/"
  },
  {
    "slug": "mexico-city",
    "cityNameEng": "Mexico City",
    "cityChinese": "墨西哥城",
    "country": "Mexico",
    "countryCode": "mx",
    "tier": 2,
    "currencyCode": "MXN",
    "base18CostUSD": 85000,
    "base18CostLocal": 1547000,
    "uniBaseUSD": 12000,
    "inflationRate": 3.8,
    "housingShare": 0.2,
    "educationShare": 0.17,
    "healthcareShare": 0.08,
    "keySubsidies": [
      "Programa de Apoyo al Bienestar de las Niñas y Niños (child welfare program)",
      "Free public education (basic education)",
      "Seguro Popular / INSABI: public health coverage",
      "Becas (scholarships) for low-income students"
    ],
    "source": "Global KidCost Calculator modeled estimate",
    "datePublished": "2026-09-07",
    "license": "CC BY 4.0",
    "url": "https://kid.qodr.top/city-cost/mexico-city/"
  },
  {
    "slug": "taipei",
    "cityNameEng": "Taipei",
    "cityChinese": "台北",
    "country": "Taiwan",
    "countryCode": "tw",
    "tier": 2,
    "currencyCode": "TWD",
    "base18CostUSD": 160000,
    "base18CostLocal": 5152000,
    "uniBaseUSD": 12000,
    "inflationRate": 2.1,
    "housingShare": 0.3,
    "educationShare": 0.19,
    "healthcareShare": 0.06,
    "keySubsidies": [
      "育兒津貼 (Childcare subsidy): NT$5,000/month (0-5 yrs)",
      "免學費政策 (Free tuition): public kindergarten and high school",
      "National Health Insurance: comprehensive coverage",
      "0-6 National Childcare Program"
    ],
    "source": "Global KidCost Calculator modeled estimate",
    "datePublished": "2026-09-07",
    "license": "CC BY 4.0",
    "url": "https://kid.qodr.top/city-cost/taipei/"
  },
  {
    "slug": "ho-chi-minh-city",
    "cityNameEng": "Ho Chi Minh City",
    "cityChinese": "胡志明市",
    "country": "Vietnam",
    "countryCode": "vn",
    "tier": 2,
    "currencyCode": "VND",
    "base18CostUSD": 55000,
    "base18CostLocal": 55000,
    "uniBaseUSD": 8000,
    "inflationRate": 3.5,
    "housingShare": 0.18,
    "educationShare": 0.2,
    "healthcareShare": 0.08,
    "keySubsidies": [
      "Monthly child allowance for under-6 children",
      "Free public primary education",
      "Health insurance for children under 6 (free)",
      "Maternity leave: 6 months at full salary"
    ],
    "source": "Global KidCost Calculator modeled estimate",
    "datePublished": "2026-09-07",
    "license": "CC BY 4.0",
    "url": "https://kid.qodr.top/city-cost/ho-chi-minh-city/"
  },
  {
    "slug": "kuala-lumpur",
    "cityNameEng": "Kuala Lumpur",
    "cityChinese": "吉隆坡",
    "country": "Malaysia",
    "countryCode": "my",
    "tier": 2,
    "currencyCode": "MYR",
    "base18CostUSD": 65000,
    "base18CostLocal": 65000,
    "uniBaseUSD": 9000,
    "inflationRate": 2.5,
    "housingShare": 0.19,
    "educationShare": 0.19,
    "healthcareShare": 0.07,
    "keySubsidies": [
      "Bantuan Kanak-Kanak (child assistance): RM150/month",
      "Free public education (primary and secondary)",
      "Pejamata (free healthcare at public facilities)",
      "Maternity leave: 60-90 days"
    ],
    "source": "Global KidCost Calculator modeled estimate",
    "datePublished": "2026-09-07",
    "license": "CC BY 4.0",
    "url": "https://kid.qodr.top/city-cost/kuala-lumpur/"
  },
  {
    "slug": "manila",
    "cityNameEng": "Manila",
    "cityChinese": "马尼拉",
    "country": "Philippines",
    "countryCode": "ph",
    "tier": 2,
    "currencyCode": "PHP",
    "base18CostUSD": 60000,
    "base18CostLocal": 60000,
    "uniBaseUSD": 8000,
    "inflationRate": 3.3,
    "housingShare": 0.19,
    "educationShare": 0.2,
    "healthcareShare": 0.08,
    "keySubsidies": [
      "4Ps (Pantawid Pamilya): conditional cash transfer for low-income families",
      "Free public education (K-12)",
      "PhilHealth: national health insurance",
      "Special education fund (SEF)"
    ],
    "source": "Global KidCost Calculator modeled estimate",
    "datePublished": "2026-09-07",
    "license": "CC BY 4.0",
    "url": "https://kid.qodr.top/city-cost/manila/"
  },
  {
    "slug": "jakarta",
    "cityNameEng": "Jakarta",
    "cityChinese": "雅加达",
    "country": "Indonesia",
    "countryCode": "id",
    "tier": 2,
    "currencyCode": "IDR",
    "base18CostUSD": 50000,
    "base18CostLocal": 50000,
    "uniBaseUSD": 7000,
    "inflationRate": 3.2,
    "housingShare": 0.18,
    "educationShare": 0.19,
    "healthcareShare": 0.08,
    "keySubsidies": [
      "Program Keluarga Harapan (PKH): conditional cash transfer for poor families",
      "Free public education (9 years compulsory)",
      "BPJS Kesehatan: national health insurance",
      "Smart Indonesia Program (educational cash assistance)"
    ],
    "source": "Global KidCost Calculator modeled estimate",
    "datePublished": "2026-09-07",
    "license": "CC BY 4.0",
    "url": "https://kid.qodr.top/city-cost/jakarta/"
  },
  {
    "slug": "istanbul",
    "cityNameEng": "Istanbul",
    "cityChinese": "伊斯坦布尔",
    "country": "Turkey",
    "countryCode": "tr",
    "tier": 2,
    "currencyCode": "TRY",
    "base18CostUSD": 70000,
    "base18CostLocal": 70000,
    "uniBaseUSD": 8000,
    "inflationRate": 45,
    "housingShare": 0.22,
    "educationShare": 0.18,
    "healthcareShare": 0.08,
    "keySubsidies": [
      "Family support program (aile destek programı)",
      "Free public education (12 years)",
      "General Health Insurance (GSS)",
      "Maternity leave: 16 weeks paid"
    ],
    "source": "Global KidCost Calculator modeled estimate",
    "datePublished": "2026-09-07",
    "license": "CC BY 4.0",
    "url": "https://kid.qodr.top/city-cost/istanbul/"
  },
  {
    "slug": "warsaw",
    "cityNameEng": "Warsaw",
    "cityChinese": "华沙",
    "country": "Poland",
    "countryCode": "pl",
    "tier": 2,
    "currencyCode": "PLN",
    "base18CostUSD": 130000,
    "base18CostLocal": 130000,
    "uniBaseUSD": 8000,
    "inflationRate": 3.5,
    "housingShare": 0.24,
    "educationShare": 0.15,
    "healthcareShare": 0.07,
    "keySubsidies": [
      "800+ (Rodzina 800+): PLN 800/month per child (universal)",
      "Free public education including university (for Polish citizens)",
      "Mandatory health insurance (NFZ)",
      "Parental leave: 52 weeks (shared, paid)"
    ],
    "source": "Global KidCost Calculator modeled estimate",
    "datePublished": "2026-09-07",
    "license": "CC BY 4.0",
    "url": "https://kid.qodr.top/city-cost/warsaw/"
  },
  {
    "slug": "prague",
    "cityNameEng": "Prague",
    "cityChinese": "布拉格",
    "country": "Czech Republic",
    "countryCode": "cz",
    "tier": 2,
    "currencyCode": "CZK",
    "base18CostUSD": 140000,
    "base18CostLocal": 140000,
    "uniBaseUSD": 8000,
    "inflationRate": 2.8,
    "housingShare": 0.25,
    "educationShare": 0.14,
    "healthcareShare": 0.07,
    "keySubsidies": [
      "Parental allowance (rodičovský příspěvek): CZK 300,000 total per child",
      "Child allowance: CZK 1,620/month per child",
      "Free public education including university (for Czech citizens)",
      "Public health insurance (VZP) covers children"
    ],
    "source": "Global KidCost Calculator modeled estimate",
    "datePublished": "2026-09-07",
    "license": "CC BY 4.0",
    "url": "https://kid.qodr.top/city-cost/prague/"
  },
  {
    "slug": "dublin",
    "cityNameEng": "Dublin",
    "cityChinese": "都柏林",
    "country": "Ireland",
    "countryCode": "ie",
    "tier": 2,
    "currencyCode": "EUR",
    "base18CostUSD": 230000,
    "base18CostLocal": 211600,
    "uniBaseUSD": 15000,
    "inflationRate": 2.5,
    "housingShare": 0.28,
    "educationShare": 0.13,
    "healthcareShare": 0.06,
    "keySubsidies": [
      "Child Benefit: €140/month per child (universal)",
      "Free primary and secondary education",
      "Free preschool (ECCE scheme: 2 years free)",
      "GP visit card for children under 8"
    ],
    "source": "Global KidCost Calculator modeled estimate",
    "datePublished": "2026-09-07",
    "license": "CC BY 4.0",
    "url": "https://kid.qodr.top/city-cost/dublin/"
  },
  {
    "slug": "auckland",
    "cityNameEng": "Auckland",
    "cityChinese": "奥克兰",
    "country": "New Zealand",
    "countryCode": "nz",
    "tier": 2,
    "currencyCode": "NZD",
    "base18CostUSD": 210000,
    "base18CostLocal": 210000,
    "uniBaseUSD": 60000,
    "inflationRate": 2.7,
    "housingShare": 0.27,
    "educationShare": 0.14,
    "healthcareShare": 0.07,
    "keySubsidies": [
      "Best Start Tax Credit: NZ$73/week for first year (universal), income-tested after",
      "Working for Families Tax Credits",
      "Free public education (age 5-19)",
      "Free GP visits for children under 14"
    ],
    "source": "Global KidCost Calculator modeled estimate",
    "datePublished": "2026-09-07",
    "license": "CC BY 4.0",
    "url": "https://kid.qodr.top/city-cost/auckland/"
  },
  {
    "slug": "lisbon",
    "cityNameEng": "Lisbon",
    "cityChinese": "里斯本",
    "country": "Portugal",
    "countryCode": "pt",
    "tier": 2,
    "currencyCode": "EUR",
    "base18CostUSD": 155000,
    "base18CostLocal": 142600,
    "uniBaseUSD": 9000,
    "inflationRate": 2.2,
    "housingShare": 0.25,
    "educationShare": 0.14,
    "healthcareShare": 0.06,
    "keySubsidies": [
      "Abono de Família (family allowance): income-based monthly payment",
      "Free public education (age 6-18)",
      "Free preschool for 5-year-olds",
      "SNS: free public healthcare for children"
    ],
    "source": "Global KidCost Calculator modeled estimate",
    "datePublished": "2026-09-07",
    "license": "CC BY 4.0",
    "url": "https://kid.qodr.top/city-cost/lisbon/"
  },
  {
    "slug": "vienna",
    "cityNameEng": "Vienna",
    "cityChinese": "维也纳",
    "country": "Austria",
    "countryCode": "at",
    "tier": 2,
    "currencyCode": "EUR",
    "base18CostUSD": 215000,
    "base18CostLocal": 197800,
    "uniBaseUSD": 10000,
    "inflationRate": 2.4,
    "housingShare": 0.24,
    "educationShare": 0.13,
    "healthcareShare": 0.06,
    "keySubsidies": [
      "Familienbeihilfe (family allowance): €115-€165/month per child (universal)",
      "Kinderbetreuungsgeld (childcare allowance): up to €2,000/month",
      "Free public education including university (€363/semester for EU students)",
      "Free public healthcare (ÖGK)"
    ],
    "source": "Global KidCost Calculator modeled estimate",
    "datePublished": "2026-09-07",
    "license": "CC BY 4.0",
    "url": "https://kid.qodr.top/city-cost/vienna/"
  },
  {
    "slug": "oslo",
    "cityNameEng": "Oslo",
    "cityChinese": "奥斯陆",
    "country": "Norway",
    "countryCode": "no",
    "tier": 2,
    "currencyCode": "NOK",
    "base18CostUSD": 260000,
    "base18CostLocal": 260000,
    "uniBaseUSD": 12000,
    "inflationRate": 2,
    "housingShare": 0.26,
    "educationShare": 0.11,
    "healthcareShare": 0.06,
    "keySubsidies": [
      "Barnetrygd (child benefit): NOK 1,500/month per child (universal)",
      "Foreldrepenger (parental leave): 49 weeks at 100% pay or 59 weeks at 80%",
      "Free public education including university (no tuition for Norwegian/EU students)",
      "Free healthcare for children under 16"
    ],
    "source": "Global KidCost Calculator modeled estimate",
    "datePublished": "2026-09-07",
    "license": "CC BY 4.0",
    "url": "https://kid.qodr.top/city-cost/oslo/"
  },
  {
    "slug": "copenhagen",
    "cityNameEng": "Copenhagen",
    "cityChinese": "哥本哈根",
    "country": "Denmark",
    "countryCode": "dk",
    "tier": 2,
    "currencyCode": "DKK",
    "base18CostUSD": 255000,
    "base18CostLocal": 255000,
    "uniBaseUSD": 11000,
    "inflationRate": 1.9,
    "housingShare": 0.27,
    "educationShare": 0.11,
    "healthcareShare": 0.06,
    "keySubsidies": [
      "Børnecheck (child benefit): DKK 4,500-17,400/year per child (universal, decreases with age)",
      "Børnehave (daycare): capped at max 25% of cost",
      "Free public education including university (SU student grant for students 18+)",
      "Free healthcare for children"
    ],
    "source": "Global KidCost Calculator modeled estimate",
    "datePublished": "2026-09-07",
    "license": "CC BY 4.0",
    "url": "https://kid.qodr.top/city-cost/copenhagen/"
  },
  {
    "slug": "helsinki",
    "cityNameEng": "Helsinki",
    "cityChinese": "赫尔辛基",
    "country": "Finland",
    "countryCode": "fi",
    "tier": 2,
    "currencyCode": "EUR",
    "base18CostUSD": 230000,
    "base18CostLocal": 211600,
    "uniBaseUSD": 10000,
    "inflationRate": 1.8,
    "housingShare": 0.25,
    "educationShare": 0.12,
    "healthcareShare": 0.06,
    "keySubsidies": [
      "Lapsilisä (child benefit): €94-€165/month per child (universal)",
      "Free public education including university (free meals included)",
      "Daycare fee capped at €290/month (income-based)",
      "Free healthcare for children under 18"
    ],
    "source": "Global KidCost Calculator modeled estimate",
    "datePublished": "2026-09-07",
    "license": "CC BY 4.0",
    "url": "https://kid.qodr.top/city-cost/helsinki/"
  },
  {
    "slug": "johannesburg",
    "cityNameEng": "Johannesburg",
    "cityChinese": "约翰内斯堡",
    "country": "South Africa",
    "countryCode": "za",
    "tier": 2,
    "currencyCode": "ZAR",
    "base18CostUSD": 75000,
    "base18CostLocal": 75000,
    "uniBaseUSD": 10000,
    "inflationRate": 4.7,
    "housingShare": 0.21,
    "educationShare": 0.18,
    "healthcareShare": 0.08,
    "keySubsidies": [
      "Child Support Grant: R530/month per child (means-tested)",
      "Free public education (no-fee schools in poor areas)",
      "Childcare tax deduction",
      "Public healthcare (free for children under 6)"
    ],
    "source": "Global KidCost Calculator modeled estimate",
    "datePublished": "2026-09-07",
    "license": "CC BY 4.0",
    "url": "https://kid.qodr.top/city-cost/johannesburg/"
  },
  {
    "slug": "buenos-aires",
    "cityNameEng": "Buenos Aires",
    "cityChinese": "布宜诺斯艾利斯",
    "country": "Argentina",
    "countryCode": "ar",
    "tier": 2,
    "currencyCode": "ARS",
    "base18CostUSD": 60000,
    "base18CostLocal": 60000,
    "uniBaseUSD": 7000,
    "inflationRate": 150,
    "housingShare": 0.2,
    "educationShare": 0.17,
    "healthcareShare": 0.08,
    "keySubsidies": [
      "Asignación Universal por Hijo: monthly cash transfer per child (conditional on school attendance and vaccination)",
      "Free public education (all levels)",
      "Free public university (University of Buenos Aires is tuition-free)",
      "AUH covers healthcare"
    ],
    "source": "Global KidCost Calculator modeled estimate",
    "datePublished": "2026-09-07",
    "license": "CC BY 4.0",
    "url": "https://kid.qodr.top/city-cost/buenos-aires/"
  },
  {
    "slug": "cairo",
    "cityNameEng": "Cairo",
    "cityChinese": "开罗",
    "country": "Egypt",
    "countryCode": "eg",
    "tier": 2,
    "currencyCode": "EGP",
    "base18CostUSD": 40000,
    "base18CostLocal": 40000,
    "uniBaseUSD": 5000,
    "inflationRate": 25,
    "housingShare": 0.18,
    "educationShare": 0.2,
    "healthcareShare": 0.08,
    "keySubsidies": [
      "Takaful and Karama (conditional cash transfer for poor families)",
      "Free public education",
      "Free public healthcare for children",
      "Subsidized bread and basic goods"
    ],
    "source": "Global KidCost Calculator modeled estimate",
    "datePublished": "2026-09-07",
    "license": "CC BY 4.0",
    "url": "https://kid.qodr.top/city-cost/cairo/"
  },
  {
    "slug": "riyadh",
    "cityNameEng": "Riyadh",
    "cityChinese": "利雅得",
    "country": "Saudi Arabia",
    "countryCode": "sa",
    "tier": 2,
    "currencyCode": "SAR",
    "base18CostUSD": 120000,
    "base18CostLocal": 120000,
    "uniBaseUSD": 15000,
    "inflationRate": 2,
    "housingShare": 0.25,
    "educationShare": 0.19,
    "healthcareShare": 0.07,
    "keySubsidies": [
      "Citizen Account Program: monthly cash transfer for Saudi families",
      "Free public education for Saudi nationals",
      "Free public healthcare (Saudi nationals)",
      "Hafiz (unemployment support for young families)"
    ],
    "source": "Global KidCost Calculator modeled estimate",
    "datePublished": "2026-09-07",
    "license": "CC BY 4.0",
    "url": "https://kid.qodr.top/city-cost/riyadh/"
  }
]